About Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the skin cells. The skin is the body’s largest organ and acts as a protective barrier against the environment. Skin cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the skin grow uncontrollably and form tumors. These tumors can develop in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, and can spread to other parts of the body if not treated promptly. Early detection and treatment are crucial for effective management and improved outcomes.

There are three primary types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type and arises from the basal cells, which are located in the lower part of the epidermis. It usually manifests as a small, shiny bump or a sore that doesn’t heal. Squamous cell carcinoma originates from the squamous cells, which are found in the upper layers of the epidermis. This type of cancer often appears as a scaly, red patch, a sore that bleeds or crusts over or a fleshy skin coloured growth. Melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, develops from melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin. Melanomas often appear as unusual looking pigmented patch or growths and can spread rapidly to other parts of the body if not caught early.

The primary cause of skin cancer is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that can trigger cancerous growths. Tanning beds and other artificial sources of UV light also contribute to the risk of developing skin cancer.

Prevention strategies include minimizing sun exposure, using sunscreen with a high SPF, and wearing protective clothing and hats. Regular skin checks and monitoring for any changes in skin appearance can help detect skin cancer early. Early intervention, when the cancer is localized, significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and recovery.